Nickelodeon Productions

Background
Nickelodeon Productions is the production-arm division of Nickelodeon.

1st Logo (in-credit) (April 1, 1979-1984)
Logo: We see the words:

A NICKELODEON PRODUCTION ©[YEAR] Warner Amex Satellite Entertainment Company

against the background of the Pinwheel House from Pinwheel.

Variant: On the 1982 VHS The Pinwheel Songbook, there is no mention of Nickelodeon, leaving only the Warner Amex copyright notice.

FX/SFX: The finishing of the scrolling credits.

Music/Sounds: The end theme of the show.

Availability: Extinct. It was seen on Pinwheel episodes from 1979 until its end in 1984, and continued appearing on reruns until 1990; however, the show has had little to no exposure since Nickelodeon stopped airing it three decades ago. The variant appears on the 1982 VHS The Pinwheel Songbook.

Editor's Note: None.

2nd Logo (1990-August 17, 2008)


Nicknames: "The Haystack", "The Haypile", "The Nick Haystack", "The Nick Scribble", "The Fuzzy Logo"

Logo: On a black background, we see a Nickelodeon logo, which resembles an orange haystack or scribble. Copyright info is seen below.

Copyrights:
 * 1990-April 13, 1995: "(C)(year) MTV Networks"
 * 1994-1997: "(C)(year) Nickelodeon"
 * 1995-2005: "(C)(year) VIACOM" or "(C)VIACOM (year)" (The byline was blurry in 1995 and early 1996)

Variants:
 * On Season 1 episodes of Hey Arnold!, the copyright text was in a chalk-like font.
 * On the original Rugrats pilot, the logo is darker, probably due to quality issues.
 * A variant exists in which the logo is slightly redder, as seen on season 1 episodes of Ren & Stimpy.
 * Starting in late-1997, the copyright stamp for the "Nickelodeon" variant was extended to say: "Copyright (year) Nickelodeon, a programming service of Viacom International Inc. (NAME OF SHOW) and all related titles, logos, and characters are trademarks of Nickelodeon, a programming service of Viacom International Inc."
 * A variant with no copyright info exists.
 * On the 2004 releases of Invader Zim, the haystack is replaced with an orange Nick splat logo.

FX/SFX: None.

Music/Sounds: None, or the end theme of the show.

Music/Sounds Variants:
 * On most episodes of Rugrats and its spinoff, All Grown Up!, as well as The Wild Thornberrys, AAAHH!!! Real Monsters!, Rocket Power, As Told by Ginger, and Invader Zim, a humorous quote from the episode is heard, though this was not present on earlier seasons.
 * On the first two seasons of AAAHH!!! Real Monsters, the tail end of the Klasky-Csupo "Graffiti" logo's theme plays over the logo.
 * On Doug, the Jumbo Pictures music carries over to this logo.
 * On the Rugrats episode "The Baby Vanishes/Farewell, My Friend", we hear an audio engineer saying (tying into how in the end credits for said episode, Tommy and Chuckie are heard arguing over whether the basement in their home is scary or not): "Gonna keep you going even longer than that next time, we'll do it one more time." This variant was often taken out of future Nickelodeon airings due to split-screen credits, but was later put back in on The '90s Are All That airings prior to rebranding as The Splat.
 * On the original pilot version of The Ren & Stimpy Show 's episode "Big House Blues", calliope music was heard during this logo since the ending theme didn't trail into the Carbunkle Cartoons and Spümcø logos.
 * On a DVD release of The Amanda Show, this logo had the buzzing sounds of the 1996 Nickelodeon Productions logo.
 * On DVD and VHS releases of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, this logo had the same audio as the variant of the 1st Nickelodeon Animation Studios logo with the show’s theme and Jimmy saying "Gotta blast!"

Availability: Very common. Even though this logo has become a victim of plastering with the 2009 logo, it is still very easy to find on VHS and DVD releases of Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. series of the time.
 * The MTV Networks copyright can be currently be seen on VHS tapes and DVDs of Rugrats episodes from the era (including the pilot), VHS tapes and DVDs of early episodes of Rocko's Modern Life, and 1991-1994 episodes of The Ren & Stimpy Show on VHS (though the Seasons 1 & 2 DVD edit it out; however, it's intact on the "Seasons 3 and a Halfish" and Season 5 and Some more of 4 DVDs), and VHS tapes and DVDs of pre-1994 episodes of Doug.
 * The Nickelodeon byline is rather rare as it was used for a short time along with being used concurrently with the Viacom copyright from 1995-1996 and it can be seen on VHS tapes of some Rugrats episodes from the era, VHS tapes and DVDs of The Ren & Stimpy Show episodes from the era, VHS tapes of some Rocko's Modern Life episodes from this era, and season 1-3 episodes of AAAHH!!! Real Monsters on VHS. It was also seen on The Angry Beavers pilot episode from 1994 called "Snowbound".
 * The Viacom variant is super-duper common and can be seen on all Nicktoons up until 1997, when they used the 1996 Nicktoons/Nickelodeon logo. At that point, only Klasky-Csupo shows such as Rugrats, As Told by Ginger, and The Wild Thornberrys used this logo along with SpongeBob SquarePants (current prints of the latter use the next logo instead).
 * The 1997 variant is rare and can only be found on late-1997 episodes of Rugrats and AAAHH!!! Real Monsters.
 * The first three seasons of Rocko's Modern Life released through Shout! Factory have this logo intact (2011-2012).
 * The "Big House Blues" variant is very rare, since not only does the Seasons 1 & 2 DVD edit it out as well as the other episodes but when aired the episode shares "In The Army"'s credits.
 * This logo also appeared on the obscure Rugrats Pre-School Daze series, which can be found as a bonus feature on some Rugrats DVD releases. It was intact on MTV airings of The Ren & Stimpy Show.
 * Strangely, some animated Nick shows did not use this logo, such as KaBlam! and Pelswick, as they used the 1996 "Lightbulb" logo. Also, this strangely plasters the 1996 "Lightbulb" logo on some prints of two live-action Nickelodeon programming: Drake & Josh and Zoey 101.
 * This logo used to be preserved on airings of shows on The 90s Are All That block on TeenNick (later The Splat, and now NickSplat), but due to the block later adopting Nickelodeon's "credits on the last scene" format, it is no longer able to be seen and is plastered by the 2009 logo.

Editor's Note: If one never saw this logo before, they could get confused on what the haystack is supposed to be. Nonetheless, this logo is a favorite of many, but some fans of older Nickelodeon programming may be worried about this logo being plastered with the 2009 logo recently.

3rd Logo (1990-1995)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Splat"

Logo: On a black background, we see an orange/dark orange splat with "NICKELODEON" across it. Copyright info sometimes appears below, but sometimes it doesn't.

Trivia: The splat was also used at the beginning of the Wild & Crazy Kids! intro. This logo's design was also used for the sign at the front of Nickelodeon Studios.

FX/SFX: None.

Music/Sounds: The end-title theme.

Availability: Rare. It appeared on Wild & Crazy Kids! and also on various Sony Wonder-distributed Nickelodeon tapes, such as Ren & Stimpy: Classics II and at least one VHS release of The Adventures of Pete & Pete.

Editor's Note: None.

4th Logo (February 9, 1991)
Nicknames: "Nickelodeon Heart"

Logo: On a black background, we see the copyright stamp "c 1991 MTV NETWORKS, INC." at the bottom of the screen in white. Then, the Nickelodeon logo in the form of a heart slides down into the middle while rotating 90° counter-clockwise.

FX/SFX: The Nickelodeon heart sliding down. Basic animation.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the special ("I'll Give a Lot of Lovin' to You" by Shackwacky).

Availability: Extinct. It only appeared on original airings of the first special of The Adventures of Pete and Pete, "The Valentine's Day Massacre". That special was later repackaged as a standard Pete and Pete episode with this logo replaced by the normal "Balloon" logo and plastered by the NAS "Haypile" on the 2005 Season 1 DVD.

Editor's Note: None.

5th Logo (in-credit) (June 1, 1991-June 29, 1992)
Logo: Over a black background, we see the text "IN ASSOCIATION WITH NICKELODEON". A copyright stamp is displayed below.

FX/SFX: None.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the show.

Availability: Rare. It can be found on reruns of Salute Your Shorts whenever the NickSplat block on TeenNick airs the show.

Editor's Note: None.

6th Logo (August 15, 1992-April 16, 1994)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Banner"

Logo: A 2-D Nickelodeon logo, in a wavy "banner" shape, appears. The copyright info fades in below.

FX/SFX: The fade-in or none.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the show.

Availability: Rare. This appears on the first 3 seasons of Are You Afraid of the Dark? which are preserved on DVD releases of the show. It also appeared on early episodes of Nick News.

Editor's Note: None.

7th Logo (July 10, 1993-April 1, 1995)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Jack", "Wireframe Jack"

Logo: On a black background, a 3D jack-shaped Nickelodeon logo spins in from the top left corner of the screen and then moves into place. Copyright info is shown below.

Variants:
 * On the first season of All That, the logo is a bit smaller, appears on a shaded blue background, and is re-animated, meaning the 3-D is fully rendered throughout.

FX/SFX: The spinning.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the show.

Availability: The variant with the black background is extremely rare and was first used as an ident for Nickelodeon. It appeared on Roundhouse, which airs on NickSplat occasionally (it is unknown if it keeps this logo intact, or plaster it with the 2009 logo). This logo is also intact on Roundhouse episodes featured on the Nick Snicks Friendship and Nick Snicks the Family VHS tapes from the early '90s. The blue background variant is extinct and was last seen in 2005 when season 1 episodes of All That were rerun on Nickelodeon. However, seeing that All That is currently rerunning on the TeenNick block NickSplat, this may be still be intact on those season 1 episodes if the split-screen credits aren't present. Otherwise, expect the 2009 logo to plaster it.

Editor's Note: The jack doesn't seem to be rendered properly in the original variant, as you can see lines around it.

8th Logo (July 4, 1993-September 27, 2009)
Nicknames: "The Orange Balloon", "Nickelodeon Balloon"

Logo: On a black background, the Nickelodeon logo which resembles a hard-to-describe ovular balloon shape turns, pops up, and stays on screen. Copyright info is shown below, or sometimes not.

Variants:
 * On Nick News, the logo does not turn; it just pops.
 * A still version exists.
 * An in-credit variant for Germany (with the words, "im Auftrag von...", which translates to ("in behalf of") appears on The Ren & Stimpy Show.

FX/SFX: The pop-up or turn.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the show or none.

Availability: Rare, despite 16 years of usage. It appeared on The Adventures of Pete & Pete and also appeared on various Nick News episodes from 1993 to 2009. It has also been seen on Weinerville (which was last aired when NickSplat was still The Splat). It also appeared twice on an ad for A Rugrats Vacation on some assorted Nickelodeon and Paramount tapes from the period, and a VHS of It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown. Much like many of these logos seen, this was also used as a network ID. It also appeared on 1994 Kids Choice Awards.

Editor's Note: None.

9th Logo (1992-1993)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Elephant"

Logo: On a black background we see an orange elephant with the word "NICKELODEON" on it. The elephant raises its trunk.

FX/SFX: The elephant raising its trunk, looks cheaply chroma-keyed and the word is off-centered.

Music/Sounds: The end theme of the show, along with the elephant trumpeting. This is the first Nickelodeon logo to have its own sounds.

Availability: Extinct. Was only seen on The Nickelodeon Wild Side Show which was last rerun on Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on March 31, 2002.

Editor's Note: None.

10th Logo (September 18, 1993-2004?)
Nicknames: "Nickelodeon Stuff", "Nickelodeon Junk", "Orange Junk", "The Other Palindrome Logo"

Logo: During the opening of a show, many 3D Nickelodeon logos of different shapes and sizes cover the screen (like the balloon, crayon, leaf, hat, crown, gear, top, key, etc.). Then the logo plays in reverse, and the opening continues.

FX/SFX: CGI animation.

Music/Sounds: The opening theme of the show.

Availability: Extremely rare in the U.S.; uncommon in Canada and the UK. It appeared on early episodes of Rocko's Modern Life and KaBlam!. Newer airings of these shows often cut this logo out, but it has been left intact on the Rocko's Modern Life episodes "Power Trip/To Heck and Back" and "Down the Hatch/Road Rash" on TeenNick's NickSplat. It also appeared on Kenan and Kel reruns and several Rugrats reruns on Nick Jr. in the UK. It's still intact on Canadian airings of Rocko's Modern Life and The Ren And Stimpy Show.

Editor's Note: None.

11th Logo (April 10-December 16, 1994)
Nicknames: "Nickelodeon Pencil", "The Orange Pencil"

Logo: On a black background, we see an orange 2-D pencil with an eraser with "NICKELODEON" in its corporate font. The copyright info is shown below.

FX/SFX: None.

Music/Sounds: Either the ending theme or the 1993 Jumbo Pictures/Ellipse Programme music.

Availability: Extremely rare. It appeared on 1994 episodes of Doug, but most of the time this logo is plastered over by the 3D Nick "Lightbulb" on television and the NAS "Haypile" on VHS. This was allegedly seen on least one 1994 Doug tape, but it's unknown which one used it.

Editor's Note: None.

12th Logo (1994-1997)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Balloon Dog"

Logo: On a black background, we see an orange, hot-dog-shaped balloon inflating. The balloon then transforms into a balloon dog. The word "NICKELODEON" is on the balloon dog.

FX/SFX: CGI animation.

Music/Sounds: A blowing sound, followed by a stretching sound. Otherwise, the end theme.

Availability: Was very rare, but now its becoming easier to find, due to the latter being rerun numerous times. It was seen on two Nickelodeon TV movies, ''Oh, Brother! Starring Stick Stickly and Stick Stickly in "Stuck"''. The former (almost) never reruns on TV anymore, but can be found on YouTube. It was also used as a network ID.

Editor's Note: None.

13th Logo (October 1, 1994-September 28, 1996)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Cap"

Logo: A 3-D Nickelodeon cap spins in. The copyright info is shown below.

Variant: There is an animated version in which we see some 3D hats fall (to the top) of the sky. Among those items is the Nickelodeon hat, and it stops when the whole hat is in view.

FX/SFX: CGI animation.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the show.

Availability: Very rare. Appears on the last two seasons (before the reboot in 1999) of Are You Afraid of the Dark? and the first two seasons of The Secret World of Alex Mack, both of which preserve the logo on DVD releases. The logo also appeared on some episodes of Nick News from this time period. The black background version was also used as a Nickelodeon ident. The animated version is extinct, because it was only used as a station ID.

Editor's Note: None.

14th Logo (September 4, 1994-January 17, 1997, 1998-2004)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Atom"

Logo: Over a black background, we see an orange atom surrounded by three purple, yellow-green, and blue particles; flying from the top right to the bottom left. It flies to the center and turns to reveal "NICKELODEON". The copyright info is shown below.

Variant:
 * On season 2 of All That and season 1 of Kenan & Kel, the logo cuts to the Nickelodeon Studios logo.
 * Sometimes, the copyright info is absent.

FX/SFX: CGI animation.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the show, or silent, as in the case of All That. On at least one episode of All That, the buzzing sound from the Nickelodeon Productions "Lightbulb" logo (22nd logo on this page) was used, possibly due to an editing error, as it is unlikely it was an actual variant. Kenan & Kel has the announcer's (Kenan Thompson) spiel for the Nickelodeon Studios logo for the show play over this logo.

Availability: First used as a Nickelodeon station ID. It appeared on some episodes of The Adventures of Pete and Pete, and can also be seen on Season 2 episodes of All That (including the Good Burger Special) and season 1 of Kenan & Kel, which is available on iTunes. This logo also appeared on the rarely seen Nickelodeon Sports Theater with Shaquille O'Neal, which last aired on Nicktoons in 2014. This was also seen on pre-September 2000 split-screen credits airings of Are You Afraid of the Dark?

Editor's Note: None.

15th Logo (1993-1997)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Scribble II"

Logo: We see the orange scribble-like shape with "NICKELODEON" on it (the one usually used in the intro for the logo of Rugrats). Under it is the copyright notice (in either white or yellow).

FX/SFX: None.

Music/Sounds: The ending theme of the show.

Availability: Extremely rare. It's seen on Nick News episodes from this period, which airs on NickSplat on very rare occasions. It was last seen on November 5th, 2016, when an episode was rerun on The Splat to commemorate the 2016 US presidential election.

Editor's Note: None.

16th Logo (October 1995)
Nicknames: "Who Loves Orange Soda?", "Kel Loves Orange Soda!", "Nickelodeon Cup"

Logo: On a black background, we see a 3D cup spinning around, with the words "NICK" on it. The cup then falls, causing an orange liquid with the "NICKELODEON" logo on it to come out. Copyright stamp is seen below.

FX/SFX: CGI animation.

Music/Sounds: The end theme for Oh, Brother!.

Availability: Ultra rare. It was seen at the end of the Nickelodeon special ''Oh, Brother! Starring Stick Stickly'', which can be found on YouTube.

Editor's Note: None.

17th Logo (January 2, 1995-September 20, 1998, March 3, 2000-September 3?, 2000)
Nicknames: "The Housefly", "Nickelodeon Fly"

Logo: On a sky background with moving clouds, an orange housefly comes from the the top of the screen and flies around in circles twice before stopping right in front of us. We see "NICKELODEON" in its familiar font on the fly.

Variant: On March-September 2000 airings of KaBlam!, The Amanda Show, and Rocket Power episodes using the split screen credits, the background is black and a copyright notice is below. The fly buzzing noise is absent.

FX/SFX: CGI animation.

Music/Sounds: The end theme of the show, along with a fly buzzing.

Availability: Rare. It was seen on season 3 episodes of Legends of the Hidden Temple and the black background version was seen on the aforementioned shows. It was also used as a station ID.

Editor's Note: None.

18th Logo (June 25, 1995, September 5, 1995-July 28, 1998, September 21, 1999, March 3, 2000-September 3?, 2000)
Nicknames: "Orange Saturn", "Nickelodeon Planet", "Nickelodeon Saturn"

Logo: Over a black background, a Saturn-shaped Nickelodeon logo flies up from the bottom of the screen, orbited by two moons. It settles in the center of the screen, and "PRODUCTIONS" in white and spaced-out, pops up from the bottom, settling under the logo.

Trivia: This logo may be a nod to the T-shirt worn by Rugrats character Chuckie Finster, which has the planet Saturn on it, although this logo never appeared on any Rugrats episode, or video release.

Variants:
 * On Space Cases, the word "PRODUCTIONS" is gone.
 * On the rare German television special, Nickelodeon Goes to Germany, at the end of the AAAHH! Real Monsters segment, a strange sign saying "Ab 1. Juli (Coming July 1)" appears above a giant dollhouse. As the camera zooms into the dollhouse, the sign flies away, and an early version of this logo is seen, lacking the word "PRODUCTIONS" and copyright info.

FX/SFX: The flying logo.

Music/Sounds: The ending theme of the show.

Availability: Rare. Seen on Space Cases and Global Guts. The latter can be found on iTunes. It was also seen after March-September 2000 Nickelodeon USA airings of Doug following the split-screen credits. This logo was also used as a station ID.

Editor's Note: None.

19th Logo (May 11, 1996-August 23, 2008)
Nickname: "Nickelodeon Lightbulb", "The Orange Lightbulb", "The Buzzing Lightbulb", "The Flickering Lightbulb", "The Sparking Lightbulb", "The Glowing Lightbulb"

Logo: On a black background, a Nickelodeon logo shaped like a lightbulb can be seen, with a green electric charge surrounding the bulb forming the word "productioNs" on the bottom-right side. The copyright information is below with various fonts depending on the show (it's absent on some shows, such as Romeo!).

Variants:
 * Just for Kicks has a trademark bug next to the lightbulb.
 * On the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards, a long version exists wherein the lightbulb is in a light purple and dark purple lighted environment with green and purple swirling shapes. The lightbulb is first seen as if it reads "NOEDOLEKCIN", meaning the logo was being viewed in "backwards vision". The camera zooms slightly away from it and then zooms fast to the bulb. Then, the entire thing flips and the lightbulb is in its correct position and now reads "NICKELODEON" correctly, and the camera zooms away and back to the bulb again, acting as if either the lightbulb is acting like a yo-yo or the camera is acting like the lightbulb is a trampoline. Finally, when the camera zooms to the bulb a third time, the electric charge and the word "productioNs" come in to their respective places. The camera then zooms away and finally stops. The lightbulb flexes itself for a few seconds and purple and red stars spin around the logo (in a "dizzy"-like situation). Finally, the lightbulb glows and the background flickers to black, with the electric charge and the word "productioNs" disappearing for a split-second before finally, changing into the already-formed standard logo, complete with the usual buzzing sound.
 * Another long version has a string on the lower left corner. A hand, which if you look closely, reaches it and pulls the string, revealing the lightbulb logo.
 * On at least one episode of Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, the lightbulb is replaced with an orange Nick splat logo.
 * An in-credit variant was spotted on an episode of All That.

FX/SFX: None or the electric charge flickering for the normal logo. 3-D animation for the Kids' Choice Awards variant. All of these are great CGI, done by Studio City.

Music/Sounds: A buzzing sound. The volume of the buzzing varies with each show.

Music/Sounds Variants:
 * Some shows just played the ending theme.
 * On Mr. Meaty, the buzzing sound played over the end theme (this audio variant also appeared on split-screen credits of Mr. Meaty where this logo was plastered by the 3rd Nickelodeon logo). This was also the case with later episodes of The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo.
 * The 1999 Kids Choice Awards variant had a deep-sounding synth tune (sounding almost like it was played on a didgeridoo) followed by a cymbal crash and twinkling noises, which segues into the normal buzzing sound.

Availability: It was very common during the era it was used, but now, it's rare, thanks to plastering.
 * The animated version with the purple background is extinct and was only seen on the 1999 Kids Choice Awards.
 * This logo can be seen at the end of Kenan & Kel (starting with season 2) along with reruns on TeenNick as part of NickSplat (not falling victim to the split-screen credits), as well as pre-2007 Nick series such as Drake & Josh, Unfabulous, and earlier episodes of iCarly.
 * Strangely, some animated Nickelodeon shows used this logo in favor of NAS logos, such as KaBlam! and Pelswick. This logo is not usually preserved on DVDs and VHS tapes of Nick shows and is usually replaced in favor of the NAS Haypile logo.
 * However, this logo is still retained on instant streaming prints of Nick shows from the time. This is also preserved on VOD prints of Drake and Josh and Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide.
 * While Schneider's Bakery shows eventually stopped using this logo in favor of the 21st logo, Just Jordan kept this logo until its end in 2008.
 * It appeared when NickSplat aired Double Dare 2000 in celebration of Double Dare's revival during the week of June 29th, 2018.
 * TBA for the Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide variant. The short version of this logo also made a surprise appearance on the Where Nick Was Made video, uploaded by the Splat/NickRewind YouTube channel on May 26, 2016 (you can see it here).
 * The version with the hand is unknown and to be confirmed. A reconstruction can be found here.
 * This logo was also plastered by the Haypile logo on some prints of Drake & Josh and Zoey 101.
 * This too was also used in tandem with two "CGI Splat" logos from 2006 and 2007 respectively and another "Lightbulb" logo from 2008.

Editor's Note: This is generally a well-known and memorable logo among fans of the '90s and 2000s Nick, although the buzzing sound may scare some viewers and, like the "Haypile" logo, some fans of older Nickelodeon programming might worried about this logo being plastered with the 2009 logo recently.

20th Logo (October 21, 1997-2001)
Nicknames: "Nick Lightbulb II", "3D Nick Lightbulb", "The Orange Lightbulb II"

Logo: We see an orange 3D lightbulb with "NICK" written on it. Copyright info is shown below.

Trivia: This logo was used as the icon for the PC game Nickelodeon 3-D Movie Maker.

FX/SFX: None.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the show.

Availability: Rare. Seen on some episodes of Doug including the Christmas special, plastering the "Pencil" logo. Also seen on some SpongeBob SquarePants episodes plastering the Nicktoons "Splat", but most prints nowadays either use the "Splat" or the haystack logo. It made a brief cameo on the 1995 short film Foil-Man. It was also used as a station ID.

Editor's Note: None.

21st Logo (May 27, 2006-September 28, 2009, August 2011)
Nicknames: "Bubbles and Nick", "The Splat!", "CGI Splat", "Nick Splat II", "CGI Nick Splat"

Logo: On a white and teal background with green CGI bubbles, one bursts, revealing a CGI Nickelodeon logo. Copyright info is shown below.

Trivia:
 * This logo was based off Nickelodeon's intermission bumpers (titled "Nick Extra") from 2006 to 2008, as well as the network's branding from the same year.
 * A similar concept would later be used for the next logo below.

Variants:
 * On Wayside, there was no copyright information byline and at the top, there was orange text that read "This has been a presentation of".
 * On Back at the Barnyard, and The Fairly OddParents episode "77 Secrets of The Fairly OddParents Revealed", the logo lacks copyright info.
 * On all Three Delivery shorts, the logo is completely still.
 * On Making Fiends, the logo is in black and white.
 * On a 2007 season 1 airing of Just Jordan, if you look closely near to the end, the 2006 copyright stamp appears due to a plastering error.
 * On a September 26, 2009 Nickelodeon USA airing of SpongeBob SquarePants, this logo appears for just a frame after the 23rd logo, due to a split-screen credits error.
 * A high-definition widescreen version exists, wherein the 4:3 logo is sandwiched in between two teal lines, similar to the that of the 2007 Disney Channel Originals logo.

FX/SFX: The bubble bursting.

Music/Sounds: Usually the end theme of the show that aired, but sometimes it's the kids laughing from the 2000 "Weird Object" logo. On some shows, the audio of that logo continues over this one (just like the 2000 logo).

Music/Sounds Variants:
 * When the logo was first being used during the summer of 2006, this logo had the "POP!" sound and gurgling sounds from the next logo. It was also used on the season one iCarly episode "iWanna Stay With Spencer".
 * On the end of Three Delivery shorts, there is no music playing.
 * On split-screen credit airings of Jimmy Neutron episodes, the logo has the "Gotta blast!" audio variant of the Nicktoons logo from the mentioned show.
 * On split-screen credit airings of Mr. Meaty, the logo plastered the 18th logo, and because of it, this logo has the end theme of the show accompanied with the sounds of the mentioned logo. This is probably because the Lightbulb's audio is mixed in with the end theme of the show and Nick must have forgotten to remove the audio.
 * Split-screen credit airings of El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera features the kids laughing audio in a very noticeable higher pitch and cuts the show's end theme off. This only happened on the main Nickelodeon USA channel, as Nicktoons Network airings kept the end theme playing over this logo.
 * On August 9, 2011, on a Nickelodeon USA airing of Bubble Guppies after the split-screen credits, the logo strangely was revived and because of it, the Wild Brain and the 23rd logo were plastered. The audio from the aforementioned logos was played over this one.
 * Also in August 2011, on an airing of Team Umizoomi, a similar thing happened above where the Curious Pictures and Nick logos were plastered and it had the audio from those two logos.
 * Again, in August of the same year, on one airing of Dora the Explorer, there was another error where this logo plastered the extended 2009 Nick logo, and it had the music from that logo.
 * On Back at the Barnyard, a short country tune is played.
 * On some episodes of El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera, the end theme is followed by someone humming.

Availability: Uncommon.
 * The first confirmed sighting of this logo was during an airing of ChalkZone on May 27, 2006 and sporadically used during Summer 2006. However, it didn't fully come into effect on all split screen credits airings until September 2006. Nick used this logo on split screen credits airings until March 2008 (shows on the TEENick block continued to use this logo even after most shows switched to the 22nd logo below in January 2008). However, it was also used outside of the split-screen credits as a proper logo, thus allowing it to escape extinction.
 * The first use of this logo outside of split-screen credits on The Naked Brothers Band in January 2007. It appeared on Tak and the Power of Juju and season 1 episodes of Back at the Barnyard. This logo, for some reason, was retained on the split-screen credits of some shows on Nicktoons Network (now "Nicktoons") until the 2009 rebrand. Also, when Nickelodeon ran The Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash marathon in July 2009, this logo was revived after the split-screen credits of all of the SpongeBob episodes.
 * It's also been spotted on some pre-2014 airings of The Fairly OddParents episode "Fairly OddBaby", which surprisingly kept the original ending credits and logos intact despite the credits being displayed on the bottom-left of the screen and had the 2009 Nickelodeon Productions logo play on the bottom right of the screen.
 * This is also seen across the globe, unlike the 2009 logo (the one without the word "Productions"), but there it's not as common as the 2008 "Lightbulb" logo. It was also shown on early season 6 episodes of The Fairly OddParents as well as late-season 5 to early-season 6 episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants.
 * It was also seen on US airings of early El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera episodes. It was also seen on Three Delivery shorts on Nicktoons Network (now simply "Nicktoons"), which haven't been on in a while. It also appeared on the first three episodes of The Mighty B!.
 * The extended version was used on some DVDs of Nick shows from around late 2008 up until sometime in 2009. One example was the 2009 DVD, SpongeBob SquarePants: To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants.

Editor's Note: Nice CGI for the mid-to-late 2000s.

22nd Logo (October 6, 2007-October 3, 2009)
Nicknames: "Orange Ball", "Nickelodeon Blob", "CGI Nickelodeon Splat II", "The Sucky Splat", "The Shoestring-Budget Bubble", "Bubbles and Nick II", "Nickelodeon Splat III", "The Splat! II"

Logo: Over a teal-white radial gradient background with green bubbles (like the previous logo), we see an orange blob reading "NICKELODEON". It floats around for a second, then it rams into the screen and turns into a splat. The copyright info is below.

FX/SFX: The bubble floating and transforming into a splat.

Music/Sounds: A "bubble" noise (same as the one on the previous logo), followed by a splatting noise.

Availability: Was common in its time, but now it's rare (due to plastering with the 23rd logo). It was used on the Schneider's Bakery sitcoms, such as the first couple seasons of iCarly (early episodes had the 1990s "Lightbulb" logo) starting with the episode "iNevel" and last seen on the episode "iCarly Awards" and the final season of Zoey 101, along with Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh. This logo is still preserved on Amazon Instant Video prints of said series. Whenever Nickelodeon USA airs Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh, Nick's infamous over-the-last-scene credits play, causing this logo to be plastered with one of the 2017 logos below. However, it is intact on the movie's DVD release. Also, on TeenNick USA airings of the iCarly special, "iGo to Japan", this logo is surprisingly intact due to the fact that the special's original credits play at the end.

Editor's Note: This logo plays like a cheaper, badly-thought-out parody of the last logo. It's not known why this particular version exists or was made.

23rd Logo (January 30, 2008-September 28, 2009, October 12-December 5, 2009, January 25-April 12, 2010, July 21, 2010, October 23, 2010, September 21-23, 2011)
Nicknames: "Nick Lightbulb III", "3D/CGI Nick Lightbulb II", "The Lightbulb Returns", "From Splat to Lightbulb", "Nick Splat IV", "The Transformation", "The Glowing Lightbulb II", "The Glowing Background", "The Glow-in-the-Dark Lightbulb", "The Orange Lightbulb III", "The Splat and the Lightbulb"

Logo: On a black background, we see the infamous Nickelodeon orange splat logo in 2D. Then the background glows dark orange, and the splat transforms into an orange 3D/CGI lightbulb, an obvious homage to the 19th logo, which turns toward us. Like the 21st logo, sometimes, copyright info is below. A reflection can be seen underneath both the splat and the lightbulb.

Variants:
 * There is an extended variant on the 2008 Kids' Choice Awards, as well as some other shows, in which the lightbulb changes back to the splat logo at the end.
 * The logo is shown without the copyright stamp on some Nick Jr. shows, Back at the Barnyard and the first 5 episodes of The Troop. However, some international reruns and more recent ones in the U.S. still had the copyright stamp.
 * On shows and movies produced in HD, a version exists where the logo is slightly different. The background glows red-orange and the Nickelodeon logo is also in red-orange, and the text on the lightbulb has a 3D effect to it.
 * Sometimes, the logo is stretched (4:3 version stretched to 16:9).
 * On the 2008 Kids' Choice Awards, the HD version is squeezed to 4:3.
 * Sped-up variants exist.

FX/SFX: The splat transforming into a light bulb, the glow in the BG. Awesome CGI. TheRealMarcel2000 told me this logo was designed by a guy by the name of Aaron.

Music/Sounds: This logo had many music variants:
 * The "laughing kids" sound effect from the 2000 logo.
 * The end theme of the show.
 * The end theme and the "laughing kids" sound effect mixed together.
 * The audio from the logo that came before it (see the music/sounds sections of the 2006 "CGI Splat" logo and the 2000 split-screen credits logo).
 * Silence.
 * On split-screen airings of the Ni-Hao, Kai-Lan episode "The Ant Playground", the 2005 Nick Jr. Productions jingle may play over the logo without the copyright stamp. This is the only Ni Hao, Kai-Lan episode to use this logo with Nick Jr. Productions music; other episodes used this logo with the standard laugh.
 * On the Bubble Guppies episode "Can You Dig It?", this logo has the music of the next logo.
 * Some episodes of Back at the Barnyard would use the short country tune from the 2006 "CGI Splat" logo's variant.

Availability: Was very common in its time of use, but now, it's uncommon.
 * Again, like the previous logo, it was primary used on the split-screen credits until the 2009 rebrand. However, it was more widely used outside of the split-screen credits compared to the previous logo.
 * It also strangely appears on 2 SpongeBob SquarePants episodes that premiered after the 2009 rebrand: "SpongeBob's Last Stand" and "The Clash of Triton" on DVD and Nicktoons. It was also seen on SpongeBob SquarePants episodes from season 6 to early-season 7 (when it switched to the 2009 Nickelodeon Productions logo), The Fairly OddParents since season 6 until 2009, The Mighty B!, Back at the Barnyard, The Penguins of Madagascar, late episodes of El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera, the first 10 episodes of Team Umizoomi and early episodes of Fanboy and Chum Chum.
 * The bylineless version can also be seen on some Nick Jr. shows and plasters over the Nick Jr. Productions logo along with the first five episodes of The Troop on Nicktoons.
 * Also seen more commonly across the globe. Ironically, Nickelodeon Latin America still used this logo in newer episodes of shows until one point.
 * It was also seen at the end of VOD releases of a few SpongeBob SquarePants episodes, which were on Nick On Demand in 2010. Also, some DVD releases released by Nickelodeon in 2009 have the extended version of this logo. It also appears on Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants.
 * Strangely, the TV movie The Boy Who Cried Wolf used this logo, despite it premiering a year after the 2009 rebrand. Another strange sighting was on the Bubble Guppies episodes "Can You Dig It?" and "Happy Clam Day!" which first aired in September 2011.
 * The HD variant only appeared on season 1 episodes of True Jackson V.P., early episodes of Fanboy and Chum Chum, earlier episodes of The Penguins of Madagascar and other HD shows.

Editor's Note: A nicely-animated swan song to the "Splat" era of Nickelodeon.

24th Logo (September 26, 2009; September 28, 2009-)
Nicknames: "Orange Letters", "Lines of Annoyance", "CGI Plastic", "Lines of Boredom", "Boring Nickelodeon"

Logo: On a white background, we see a few CGI orange lines bounce and connect together to form the new Nickelodeon logo (which is simply the word, "nickelodeon" in its new customized typeface and is rather similar to the old "pinball" logo from the early '80s). After this is complete, "PRODUCTIONS", set in the ubiquitous Gotham, fades in underneath the logo. A copyright byline appears below.

Trivia: The new logo was introduced in July 2009 and officially on September 28, 2009; however, Nickelodeon used this logo on an accident on September 26, 2009 on most airings of their programs. The logo was designed by Eric Zim and the font for this logo is called "Litebulb".

Variants:
 * A version without a copyright stamp was spotted on split-screen credits airings of T.U.F.F. Puppy and Victorious.
 * A small in-credit version of this logo exists on 2010-2014 Big Time Rush and Victorious reruns on Nickelodeon.
 * There is a shorter version of this logo seen on post-2010 episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants, and episodes of The Loud House.
 * On shows produced by Nickelodeon's Australian unit, the words "A Nickelodeon Australia Production" are seen above the copyright stamp.
 * On TeenNick reruns of All That, the first three seasons of Nicky, Ricky, Dicky, and Dawn, and the first two seasons of School of Rock (2016 adaptation) along with some other shows, the logo is in warp speed.
 * NickMom shows use a variation of the logo, featuring various still shots of a woman's high heels (with Dora The Explorer bandages on her achilles) on a purple background. The Nick logo flips in and "PRODUCTIONS" wipes in underneath it, as copyright info appears in black boxes with white texts.
 * A extended version of this logo exists where it's just the white background for a few seconds before the animation starts.
 * A still version is seen on Nick-produced Netflix specials and series such as Rocko's Modern Life: Static Cling, Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus, Pinky Malinky and Glitch Techs.
 * On various airings of Nick shows on September 26, 2009, two copyright notices would appear on the logo. One from 2009 (the year the logo came out), and another depending on when the show's episode came out.

FX/SFX: The lines forming the logo. This was done by Trollback + Company in New York.

Music/Sounds: A techno beat, then an instrumental version of the famous Nick theme song. The NickMom variant uses a different techno theme.

Music/Sounds Variants:
 * Some shows use a shortened version of the music.
 * Sometimes, the end theme is used instead.
 * Sometimes, it can be silent.
 * T.U.F.F. Puppy uses a quiet guitar riff from the show.
 * On Dan Schneider's shows (iCarly, Victorious, Sam & Cat, Henry Danger, and Game Shakers), bubbling sounds are heard with the normal theme.
 * Also on split-screen credits airings of Dan Schneider shows (iCarly, Victorious, Drake & Josh, and Zoey 101), the bubbling sounds aren't heard and the first few notes have been remixed before going to the more familiar theme. This was last seen in November 2012 when TeenNick's split-screen credits would play logos in fullscreen and with audio.
 * On the Dora the Explorer episode "Dora's Super Soccer Showdown", the music is low-pitched.
 * On The Loud House, the final segment of the end theme trails into the beginning of the logo.
 * On at least one print of Team Umizoomi, it used the laughing sound from the previous two Nickelodeon split-screen credits logos. This also happened on airings of various iCarly episodes on September 26, 2009, and again on an airing of the iCarly episode, "iNevel" on November 1, 2009.
 * On I Am Frankie, the logo has a strange techno-rock remix of the music. The music actually originated from a SpongeBob SquarePants bumper that was used from 2009 until 2012, as well as other 2009 Nick bumpers.
 * On airings of various SpongeBob SquarePants episodes on September 26, 2009, the logo had the audio of the following United Plankton Pictures, Inc. logo because of the fact that the split screen credits accidentally used this logo instead of the 2008 "Lightbulb" logo.
 * On some season 2 episodes of Glitch Techs (except for "BITT Prime"), an 8-bit version of the Nickelodeon theme is played.
 * On split-screen credits airings of The Backyardigans, the show’s closing theme plays, followed by the logo’s regular music.
 * On the first episode of Deadtime Stories, the music is slowed down.

Availability: Pretty common.
 * Appears on all Nick shows starting in September 2009, with it also being used to plaster every previous logo on the split-screen (and later compressed) credits.
 * The NickMom logo is very rare due to the block being shut down in late 2015, but is still preserved on iTunes prints of NickMom shows.
 * The extended version is extinct, due to it being seen on split-screen credits airings of shows such as T.U.F.F. Puppy and Danny Phantom. It was retired on Nicktoons (the channel) as of May 2014.
 * This logo was first spotted on most programs on Nickelodeon's schedule on September 26, 2009, but didn't officially premiere on Nick channels and replace the previous logo until 2 days later. However, starting with the 2017 Kids' Choice Awards in March 2017, shows are slowly starting to phase this logo out with various variants of the logos below. However, some programs still continue to use this logo, notably the Netflix programs.

Editor's Note: This is not a very well-liked logo. Many Nickelodeon fans of the '80s, '90s, and early-to-mid 2000s find it inferior to the famed orange splat logo, while others find it annoying due to its overusage and plastering; for those Nickelodeon fans, it's emblematic of the changes for the arguable worse the network had when the 2009 logo was adopted. However, some do like this logo for its CGI.

25th Logo (March 11, 2017-April 3, 2017, June 11, 2017-)
Nicknames: "Playground Nick", "Orange Letters II", "Kids and Orange"

Logo: On a light blue background, we see the word "nick" in the same font as the previous logo appear by having the "n" and "i" (the latter letter is a long vertical line instead) form in a similar fashion to the previous logo, and the "c" slides out from the "i" and the "k" rotates counterclockwise. It then cuts to another shot with a boy on a skateboard, and there's an orange line below the words. Also, the "i" has been stretched to the top of the screen. Then, it cuts to another shot with some more kids and orange lines on the left and right of the logo. A girl holds on to the "i" and pulls it, and then it cuts to a closer view of the girl, but she lets go of it, causing the camera to then cut to another shot of the letters in "nickelodeon" pop in, with "PRODUCTIONS" (which is smaller and in a different font (named Galano Grotesque) than the previous logo) sliding from below the logo down, similar to the Microsoft PowerPoint "Peek In" effect.

Variants:
 * A more commonplace short version exists where the part with the kids has been cut and it starts where the Nickelodeon logo comes in.
 * Another one without a copyright notice and the word "PRODUCTIONS" exists.
 * Starting with the second season of Knight Squad, the logo has been slightly modified. The background is in a slightly lighter blue color, the bottom portion of the background has a pattern of a tile floor, the screen shakes when the Nickelodeon logo pops on screen, and the copyright notice is now in a much thinner font and in gray.
 * On Santiago of the Seas, the word "PRODUCTIONS" is omitted, but still had the copyright notice.

FX/SFX: A mix of live-action and 2D animation. This logo was done by Superestudio.

Music/Sounds: The short version uses a techno remix of the famous Nickelodeon theme, while the long version uses an extended version of that theme.

Availability: Used in tandem with the next and previous logo. The full version was only used on certain shows using time compressed credits from March 11, 2017 until April 3, 2017, and again from July 5, 2017 to August 13, 2017(?) and it's currently unknown if this will be used on other shows. The short version is seen on a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles short, which debuted on June 11, 2017 on Nickelodeon's YouTube channel, and debuted on the third season premiere of School of Rock (2016 adaptation), and on the second episode of Sunny Day. The logo in its full form was seen on an episode of TeenNick Top 10. The modified version is only seen on season two episodes of Knight Squad and it could be on other Nick shows in the future.

Editor's Note: A well-liked logo by present-day Nick fans to fit in with the 2017 rebrand.

26th Logo (March 11, 2017, May 3, 2017-May 16, 2017, July 7, 2017-)
Nicknames: "Orange Letters III", "Birthday of Nick", "Ballooning Orange"

Logo: On a white background, we see some orange balloons with the letters in "nick" (in the same font as the previous 2 logos) on them cover up the screen for a few seconds and the balloons then float up off-screen. As this happens, the letters in the Nickelodeon logo (also from the previous logo) also float up and form the logo as "PRODUCTIONS" in the same font (named Galano Grotesque Alternate) as the previous logo, slides up below the logo as it fades in. A copyright byline (in the same font as "PRODUCTIONS") appears below or without the copyright byline.

Variants:
 * A shortened version exists where the balloons are almost off-screen.
 * An even longer version exists where we first get a close-up of the "n" balloon, followed by one of the "i" balloon, then the camera zooms out to reveal the other 3, and the animation proceeds as normal.
 * On The Loud House, PAW Patrol (TVOKids and Knowledge Kids airings of said show don't have that logo) and SpongeBob SquarePants, the logo is missing "PRODUCTIONS".

FX/SFX: A mix of 2-D and CGI animation. This logo was done by Superestudio.

Music/Sounds: A light pop tune ending off with an instrumental (but slightly rearranged) version of the Nick theme song.

Music/Sounds Variants:
 * On The Loud House (starting with the episode, "Lynn-er Takes All"), the logo has the music of the 23rd logo and also has the end theme trailing off into the logo.
 * On I Am Frankie, this logo had the same audio variant from when the show still used the 23rd logo (the music from an old SpongeBob bumper).

Availability: Brand new. The short version debuted on The 2017 Kids Choice Awards, is currently seen on PAW Patrol episodes starting with "Pups Save a Baby Octopus" (removed on TVO and Knowledge Kids airings), and now on later episodes of The Loud House and SpongeBob SquarePants. The longer version is seen after shows after Nickelodeon USA and NickSplat (the block on TeenNick) credits from May 3 until May 16, 2017. Like the previous logo, currently unknown if this will be used on other shows.

Editor's Note: This logo was used to be wasted because it was only used on certain shows, but not anymore since it was currently being used.

27th Logo (March 13, 2017)
Nicknames: "Orange Letters IV", "Characters and Orange", "Slingshot and Orange"

Logo: On a purple background, we see the Nickelodeon logo with balls (with the heads of characters from various Nickelodeon shows) on it, causing the logo to bend in a downward curve. Then, the logo bends up, sending the balls flying up and offscreen. "PRODUCTIONS" and copyright info then fade in in white.

FX/SFX: 2D animation. The logo was done by Superestudio.

Music/Sounds: None.

Availability: Only appeared on the Behance page.

Editor's Note: A wasted logo because this never appeared on television shows either.

28th Logo (April 3, 2017-May 3, 2017, July 13, 2017-)
Nicknames: "Orange Letters V", "Zipper and Orange"

Logo: On a blue cloth-like background, the words "nick" in the same font as the previous three logos zooms out and suddenly, a zipper appears covering up the words and revealing the 2009 Nickelodeon logo all in white on the same reddish-orange cloth-like background. The "l" gets launched into the air and spins in mid-air. When it lands, "PRODUCTIONS" appear below in the same font as the previous two logos in purple.

Variants:
 * A shorter version of the logo starts when the zipper covers up the word "nick".
 * An extended version of this logo starts on the reddish-orange cloth-like background, an outline of the "k" with the blue cloth background inside of it zooms in (similar to the 2014 Sony logo) to make the background blue. The "n" and "i" forms in a similar fashion to the 2017 "Playground" logo and the "c" slides out left from the right side of the "i" and the "k" tilts counter-clockwise and the animation goes on to what is described in the standard length version.
 * On Star Falls, the logo is missing the word "PRODUCTIONS".

FX/SFX: The logo forming and the zipper closing. This was done by Superestudio.

Music/Sounds: A techno remix of the Nickelodeon jingle with the sounds of a zipper closing and a "woosh!" when the words are in the air. The extended version uses the end theme of the special or an extended version of the short version's theme.

Music/Sounds Trivia: The music is also used as a station ID in 2017, as seen here.

Availability: Seen on certain shows (SpongeBob SquarePants, The Loud House, Nick Jr. shows, etc.) during the mentioned network's credits from April 3, 2017 until May 3, 2017, then continued being used on July 13, 2017. The short variant is seen on The 2017 Kids' Choice Awards Sports and JoJo Siwa: My World. The extended version appears on 2017 Kids Choice Sports Awards Australia.

Editor's Note: This logo starts out to be wasted because it was used at first for exactly a month, but not anymore since it was reused two months later.

29th Logo (May 16, 2017-July 4, 2017, October 14, 2017-)
Nicknames: "Orange Letters VI", "Bouncing and Orange", "Kids and Orange II"

Logo: On a golden yellow background, the Nickelodeon logo is seen in an darker orange color, but it's zoomed in so that only "elo" can be seen. Also, there are some kids lying down. It then cuts to another shot as a boy runs from the top left side of the screen to the center from the screen and he jumps. Before the boy jumps, the camera zooms in on him and it then cuts to another shot with the Nickelodeon logo and the words "PRODUCTIONS" in white in the same font as the previous logos and the two "e"s and the first "o" in "nickelodeon" are in the air and they land and the "o" bounces before it settles down in place.

Variants:
 * A version of the logo exists where "PRODUCTIONS" is absent.
 * A shortened version of the logo exists where it's shortened to where the boy jumps.

FX/SFX: The animation. Done by Superestudio.

Music/Sounds: For the long version is unknown, but the short version uses the same music in the previous logo along with a "THUD" sound when the boy jumps.

Availability: It's only seen on Nickelodeon and NickSplat's credits. The shortened version is seen on Nickelodeon's Ultimate Halloween Haunted House, Massive Monster Mayhem and Lip Sync Battle Shorties. The variant without "PRODUCTIONS" appears on Blue's Clues & You! and as a station ID internationally.

Editor's Note: None.