Lux Film (Italy)

Background
Lux Film was an Italian film distribution company founded by Riccardo Giulino in 1934. Based in Turin, Lux mainly specialised in non-Italian films during its first few years, eventually relocating its headquarters to Rome in 1940, making its first few films in the same year with the main outcome being "low risk and low budget by packaging high-quality art films with cultural content". Ponti joined the studio in 1940 and was assigned an Italian adaptation novel Piccolo mondo antico, along with De Laurentiis becoming an executive producer in 1942, who oversaw such successful films from said company.

The company suffered from loss of production during the 1950s, resulting in gradual reduction of production schedule. One of the films being Senso (1954), which led to conflict with the Italian army and the censors who increasingly extended their demand for cuts before the company protested and the authorities largely relented.

After Giulino's death in 1964, Lux Film was acquired by Rovelli SSR.

1st Logo (22 January 1941-6 June 1942)
Visuals: It starts with a moving sky background along with the company's name carved in stone facing upwards in a horizontal manner. The company name slowly rises as a spotlight illuminates more of the company name, stopping at a diagonal position.

Technique: Live-action model work.

Audio: A bombastic orchestral fanfare at a slow tempo.

Availability: Seen on La forza bruta and Violette nei capelli.

2nd Logo (19 December 1941-16 August 1961)
Visuals: A moving sparkling starfield is first displayed. A bunch of chroma-keyed fireworks then appear against the starfield in a random manner, varying in size. As this is happening, the company name in Times New Roman and in a stacked format appears in the middle and gradually zooms in for a short period of time, which also appears to be in a 3D manner, causing the fireworks to disappear and a sunburst pattern to appear behind it. It stays onscreen for a few seconds until it slowly fades out to give space for " presenta " in a script font to appear in the middle.

Variants:
 * The "U" is romanized from 1945 up to 1946 and the sunburst background is not present, which can be seen on Le miserie del signor Travet, Abbasso la ricchezza! , Un americano in vacanza and Partenza ore 7.
 * An alternate variant exists on  Il brigante Musolino , where "Times New Roman" can be visible underneath the company name (which is in a 2D format) and the sunburst background is different.
 * On  Europe '51 , the sunburst background is more transparent.
 * Colorized variants exist on Carosello napoletano and La mina.
 * An in-credit variant exists on  Toto in Color .

Technique: A mix of traditional animation and live action.

Audio: A triumphant orchestral piece with a dramatic, crescendoing start, possibly based on the previous logo. Audio Variants:
 * The opening theme of the film is heard on  I promessi sposi  and  Un colpo di pistola .
 * On  Abbasso la ricchezza! , it is silent.

Availability: This can mostly be seen on Italian films and some foreign films they have publicly distributed.
 * The logo made its debut appearance on I promessi sposi and made its final appearance on Akiko.
 * The Romanized variants can be seen on the aforementioned Le miserie del signor Travet, Abbasso la ricchezza!, Un americano in vacanza and Partenza ore 7.
 * The colorized variants can be seen on Carosello napoletano and La mina.

3rd Logo (October 1955)


Visuals: Against a background similar to the fifth logo of Paramount Pictures, the white text

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ЛЮКС ФИЛЬМ-Понти- ДЕ ЛАУРЕНТис Италия

is shown at the center.

Technique: None.

Audio: None.

Availability: Only seen in a soviet dub of the 1954 Italian movie Ulysses

4th Logo (19 October 1961-13 September 1963)
Visuals: Almost the same as the previous logo, but there is no starfield and there are less fireworks. The company name is now in a 2D fashion, in a horizontal manner, and colored. " presenta " is also now seen in a different handwritten style as the company name fades out.

Variant: Staring with  Omicron , "Una Esclusivita " is now added above the company name and it is in black-and-white. "presenta" is also nowhere to be seen.

Technique: A mix of traditional animation and live action.

Audio: The sounds of fireworks. Audio Variants: On  Omicron ,  Mare matto  and  I Compagni , it uses the same audio from the previous logo.

Availability: Seen on Orazi e Curiazi, Omicron, Mare matto and I Compagni