KRO

Background
KRO, or Katholieke Radio Omroep (Catholic Radio Broadcasting), was a Dutch public broadcasting organization founded on 23 April 1925. In 2014, it had merged with a fellow broadcaster, NCRV, to create KRO-NCRV, but, like NCRV, it's technically still active.

1st Logo (1950s-1969)
Visuals: On a sky background, we fly through the clouds on the shot of a Dutch town. The sequence then fades to a different sky, where the logo zooms in, which is "KRO" in a plus shape with the "R" as the middle of the crossroads of both copies. It is encased in a diamond with a border and shapes around it. The background fades out, followed by the logo.

Technique: Live action and cel-animation.

Audio: An orchestral tune with a dramatic finish.

2nd Logo (1969-1974)
Visuals: On a black background, there is a round border. Inside it, various shapes are seen flipping, changing colour, and appearing at random times. After the tune loops, "KRO" in Computer Regular appears letter by letter as the shapes disappear. The text "nederland I" or "nederland II" appears in the lower left side of the border.

Technique: Cel animation.

Audio: An 8-bit chip tune that repeats twice.

3rd Logo (1974-1977)
Visuals: On a black background, a different shape is seen being formed. Inside it are moving arrows. The outline shrinks and forms a conformable shape, then forming a white space where forms up. It creates a plus shape and spreads apart, forming a yellow space. The new KRO logo, which is a "KRO" arranged in a plus shape, with the "R" acting as a negative space, which is also a homage to the first logo, appears. "nederland I/II" then appears below it.

Technique: Scanimation.

Audio: A cheerful-sounding chip tune.

4th Logo (1977-1981)
Visuals: On a black background, several square grids zoom in in different colours in 2 arrangements and fold away 4 times. When the grid zooms in, they form one solid grid and then  grids come into the centre. They form a small white border with the KRO logo in it, emitting pulses. It then clears away the grid, turning the border and making it zoom towards the screen.

Technique: Scanimation.

Audio: A disco-esque tune with trumpets and a chorus.

5th Logo (1981-1982)
Visuals: On a sky blue background, various lines wipe in and spread around in between white triangles. A white section wipes in, followed by the same logo from before.

Technique: Scanimation.

Audio: A harpsichord tune.

6th Logo (1982-1985)
Visuals: Same as the previous logo, but the animations are different and the background is white.

Technique: Scanimation.

Audio: Same as the previous logo.

7th Logo (1985-1988)
Visuals: Same as the previous logo, but the animations take place on a 3D grid on a background, and the logo is white.

Technique: 2D computer animation.

Audio: Same as the previous logo.

8th Logo (1988-1992)
Visuals: On a black background, several purple lines draw above a marble floor. The camera then pans through the lines and scans under the floor, where footage of people doing various activities is shown. After 30 seconds, the camera flies out to get a straight shot of the new logo, which is the same concept as the previous logo, but the logo is more in line with the first logo, except without the border and the logo is in a much more round font. The logo shines.

Technique: CGI and live-action footage.

Audio: A calm woodwind theme with strings mixed in there.

9th Logo (1992-1997)
Visuals: On a black background, the logo is seen in with a circle around it, spinning around and occasionally showing a solid plus shape on the back. "dit was een programma van de" ("this was a program of") wipes in above as the logo rests. Sometimes, the logo is instead showing the plus shape with "RKK" in the same font as the logo.

Technique: 2D chyron effects.

Audio: The ending theme of the show.

Availability: Seen on programs at the time such as Ook dat nog.

10th Logo (1997-2001)
Visuals: On a cloudy background, a white object zooms out. When it lands on the background, it clears it out to reveal a purple background, with the logo now being "kro" in between 2 curves. The logo then becomes with yellow curves.

Technique: CGI.

Audio: A whoosh with a hum.

Availability: Was used as an endcap on KRO's original programs from this period such as later episodes of Toen Was Geluk Heel Gewoon. Reprints of pre-1997 episodes would have this logo plastering the previous one.

11th Logo (2001-2015)
Visuals: On a shot of different aspects of urban Dutch life, several things are happening. At the end, a group of dots come in, with the new KRO logo, which is a oval-like shape with "kro" in a font similar to the 1974 logo (changed in 2013), appears as well as "Het gevoel dat je wilt delen" ("The feeling you want to share").

Technique: Unknown.

Audio: Unknown.