Motion Picture Association

Background
The Motion Picture Association (MPA) is an American trade association representing the five major film studios of the United States, as well as the video streaming service Netflix. Founded in 1922 as the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) and known as the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) from 1945 until September 2019, its original goal was to ensure the viability of the American film industry. In addition, the MPA established guidelines for film content which resulted in the creation of the Motion Picture Production Code in 1930. This code, also known as the Hays Code, was replaced by a voluntary film rating system in 1968, which is managed by the Classification and Rating Administration (CARA).

The original MPAA members were the "Big Eight" film studios: Paramount Pictures, Fox Film, Loews, Universal Pictures, and United Artists, followed by Warner Bros. in 1923, Columbia Pictures in 1924, along with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (formed by the merger of Loews, Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures, and Louis B. Mayer Productions), and RKO Pictures in 1928. Then came the 1935 merger of Fox Film and 20th Century Pictures into 20th Century Fox. Netflix was approved as a new member in January 2019, making it the first non-studio and the first streaming service to be part of the organization. The addition of Netflix also helped to maintain the number of members after the acquisition of 20th Century Fox by Disney.

(June 13, 1967-)
Logo: Scrolling with the credits of a film, we see the Motion Picture Association print logo. Atop it is the production code number of the film, and below it is the text "MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA" (with an underline) (until 2019) or "MPA" (without an underline) (2019 onwards).

Variants:
 * The position of the logo varies by film.
 * A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1966): The logo appears on a Roman fresco depicting an orgy in process. A character in the fresco raises the logo in protest.
 * At the end of Return to Snowy River (1988), the logo is a still picture, moved to the center of the screen and no other logos are present.

FX/SFX: The scrolling of the credits.

Music/Sounds: The closing theme of the movie.

Availability: Ultra common. Seen on practically every film produced in the United States and sometimes movies from the United Kingdom. This logo is commonly paired with the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees logo. This is usually absent on international versions of some films. It first appeared on You Only Live Twice (1967) whereas the first film to bear the current name is Countdown (2019). The last film to use the old name was Swan Song.

Editor's Note: None.