Perfini

Background
Perfini (Perusahaan Film Nasional Indonesia) is the first official Indonesian film company that is important in the Indonesian film industry (Berita Film Indonesia is the first film company established in Indonesia after its independence day). Its first film, Darah dan Doa, the first Indonesian film, was released on March 30, 1950, and that date by now is acknowledged as Indonesia's National Film Day. It produced movies from the 1950s to the 1980s, after which it went defunct.

1st Logo (March 30, 1950, 1953)


Logo: We see a silhouette of a bull. "PERFINI" in white fades in above the bull, then zooms in.

Technique: The text appearing and zooming in.

Music/Sounds: A short fanfare. On Harimau Tjampa, it's silent.

Availability: Seen on Darah dan Doa (internationally as The Long March) and Harimau Tjampa.

2nd Logo (March 16, 1951)
Logo: We see a bull statue standing on a ground. Below is the words "PERFINI" on a pedestal.

Technique: None.

Music/Sounds: The opening theme.

Availability: Seen on Enam Djam di Jogja.

3rd Logo (1951-1966?)
Logo: On a rock background, we see a rounded rectangle carved on a floor, with a print image version of bull standing on a ground, and has "PERFINI" carved on a floor, with a rectangle inside and outside looks as if it hewn out of rock, and the inside of rectangle is smooth, while the rock is rough (a la the 5th Nikkatsu logo). The background has a spotlights on it.

Technique: None.

Music/Sounds: A Indonesian bombastic fanfare. Otherwise the opening theme plays over it.

Availability: Uncommon so far. It was seen on some Perfini films from the 50s-60s, example are Dosa Tak Berampun, Pedjuang, Asrama Dara, Lagi-lagi Krisis and Heboh, which can be viewed on YouTube.

4th Logo (1973?-1985?)
Logo: Same as before, but the logo is in color and spotlights still shining on the floor. The background is soild blue, and rectangle outline is gold, while bull and "PERFINI" are both gold and inside of the rectangle are plain red.

Variants:
 * One variant from 1978 has no gold rectangle outline and rectangle inside, and is placed over red background with spotlights shining on the background. This one is seen on Si Ronda Macan Betawi.
 * Later variant: There is no spotlights, and the logo is now darker. The bull, rectangle outline, the rectangle inside and the "PERFINI" is seen over a black background with bright lighting. Also, the rectangle inside is black while background are now black. It was seen on Pacar Ketinggalan Kereta (1988), the last film to use the logo.

Technique: None.

Music/Sounds: Same as the previous logo. Otherwise the opening theme plays over it. On Si Ronda Macan Betawi, a different fanfare is heard over the logo.

Availability: Uncommon so far. Spotted on Si Ronda Macan Betawi, Hati Seorang Wanita, and Pacar Ketinggalan Kereta, which can be viewed on YouTube. Other titles such as Jalal Kawin Lagi and Karminem (both 1977) are no logos on some VHS, VCD (possibly on the Medialine Entertainment release), DVD or 2k/4k restoration prints.